The Meaning of Vive la France!

Vive la France! is an expression used in France to show patriotism. It’s difficult to translate the term literally into English, but it generally means â€Å"long live France!† or â€Å"hurray for France!† The phrase has its roots in  Bastille Day, a  French national holiday commemorating the storming of the Bastille, which took place on July 14, 1789, and marked the beginning of the French Revolution. Patriotic Phrase â€Å"Vive la France!† is mostly used by politicians, but you will also hear this patriotic expression bandied about during national celebrations, such as Bastille Day, around French elections, during sporting events, and, sadly, at times of crisis as a way to invoke patriotic feelings. La Bastille was a prison and a symbol of the monarchy in late 18th century France. By capturing the historic structure, the citizenry signaled  that it now held the power to rule the country. Bastille Day was declared a French national holiday on July 6, 1880, on politician Benjamin Raspails recommendation, when the  Third Republic  was firmly entrenched. The Third Republic was a period in France that lasted from 1870 to 1940. Bastille Day has such a strong signification for the French because the holiday symbolizes the birth of the republic. The related phrase Vive le 14 juillet! (literally â€Å"Long live the 14th of July!†) has been associated with the historic event for centuries. The key term in the phrase is vive,  an interjection that literally means long live. The Grammar Behind Vive la France French grammar can be tricky. The term vive  is no exception. Vive  comes from the irregular verb â€Å"vivre,† which means to live. Vive is the subjunctive. So, an example sentence might  be: Nous souhaitons, nous espà ©rons que la France vive longtemps, heureusement. This translates to: We hope that France will live for a long time, fortunately. Note, that the verb is vive and not viva, as in Viva Las Vegas, and it is pronounced veev, where the final e is silent. Other Uses for Vive The expression vive is very common in French to show enthusiasm for many different things, such as: Vive les vacances!   Hurray for the vacation! Vive les soldes! Hurray for the sales season! Vive moi! Yeah me! Vive  is also used in a number of other contexts that are not related to the famous phrase but still important in the French language. Examples include: On ne voyait à ¢me qui vive. There wasnt a living soul to be seen. Etre sur le qui-vive. To be on the alert. La vive- eau Spring tide Vivement Brusquely, sharply While the saying Vive la France is deeply rooted in French culture, history, and politics, the full slogan is generally invoked only on historical occasions and during political events. By contrast, the key term in the phrase, vive, is widely used by the French to express joy and happiness on many occasions. So, the next time youre in France (or find yourself among French-speakers who happen to use this famous phrase), impress them with your deep knowledge of French history. Source The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Bastille Day. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Argumentative Essay Is Facebook Making You Mean - 834 Words

Argument Essay Model Passage: â€Å"Is Facebook Making You Mean?† â€Å"Ummmmm†¦ew?† This statement may not seem like a harmful comment, but think about that mixed with a whole barrage of snide and sarcastic comments swallowing a picture you posted on Facebook from your family vacation. The picture was posted just to share an experience with others—who knew it would also cause such hatred from all those â€Å"friends† on Facebook? In the article â€Å"Is Facebook Making You Mean?,† by Lauren Tarshis one Facebook user named Maya experienced this bullying firsthand. All she tried to do was post a friendly family vacation photo with Mickey Mouse, and she ended up with a line of insults. The article claims that Facebook is a catalyst for communication†¦show more content†¦Unless the writer is very aware of how to create tone in their messages the reader may not catch on to the joke, and a conflict will quickly arise. 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Panare Bread free essay sample

To be the â€Å"First Mover† in the fast-casual category, Panera Bread is differentiated themselves from other restaurant by adding bonus to the specialty food. The company is offering variety specialty bread along with the bagel, pastries and baked food. This unique position currently entered by the Panera Bread has a major contribution to the firm’s success. It helped the company grown from 602 company owned and franchised units in 2003 to 1450 in today. Despite the economic suffered in a difficult condition during 2008 to 2010, Panera Bread still managed to have a sales jumped up to 10. percent increment. These numbers reflect a strong contributed to the firm’s success. Besides that, Panera Bread is currently one of the largest restaurant chains in the United States. It serves nearly six million customers a week and has sales up to 1. 5 billion in 2010. In my opinion, I think Panera Bread is able to reach its goal of becoming a leading national brand in the re staurant industry, because the company manage to indentify the needs and wants of the customers in the early stage and take action before their competitors. This helps the firm carve out a unique and favorable position in a difficult industry. Besides that, Panera Bread always keeps looking to the new innovation, not only in the variety of the food provided but also the appearances and the location of the outlet. This is important for a company to keep adapt to the changing environment nowadays to sustain itself as the leader in the fast casual category and becoming a leading national brand in the restaurant industry. Q2) Analyze the restaurant industry using Porter’s five forces model. In what ways has Panera Bread successfully positioned itself against the forces that are suppressing the profitability of the restaurant industry as a whole? Porter’s Five Forces Model | High| Medium| Low| Threat of Substitutes| X| | | Threat of New Entrant| X| | | Rivalry among existing firm| X| | | Bargaining power of suppliers| | | X| Bargaining power of buyers| | | X| The diagram above analyses the restaurant industry using Porter’s Five Forces Model. From the diagram, overall of the result shown that it is not an attractive industry to the company and there are three of the threats to the profitability. Threat of the substitutes of the restaurant industry is high due to the high availability of other choice of the customer. Besides that, the threat of new entrant is relevance high, this is because there are low capital require to enter into the restaurant industry and this lead to the level of rivalry among existing firm high within the industry. Threat of Substitutes Price that consumers are willing to pay for a product highly depends on the availability of substitute product. Panera Bread successfully position itself against the threat of the substitutes by distinguish itself from its rivalry. Panera Bread has become nation’s bread expert to offer specialty bread to their customers. Customers are able to enjoy a fresh and quality meal in the restaurant and variety choice of the food and beverage provided by the company. Besides that, Panera Bread differentiated it restaurant from its rivalry by provide a pleasant environment to the customer. The company emphasis the neighborly atmosphere in their restaurant to make customers feel more comfortable dining in their restaurant compare to the other. With these strategy, Panera Bread able to reduce the threat of substitutes and have a higher profitability. Threat of New Entrant The firms in an industry may become a magnet to new entrants if the industry is highly profitable. Something has to be done to avoid the competition in the industry increase and average industry profitability decline. Panera Bread is trying to keep the number of new entrants low by erecting barriers to entry. Panera Bread has created a nontraditional barrier to entry which is first mover advantage to against the forces that are suppressing the profitability of the industry. The company is the first company position themselves in the â€Å"fast casual† category and this name recognition create a barrier of entry for the potential competitor. Besides that, Panera Bread has an expansion of it restaurant all around the state to create an access difficulty of distribution channel to the new entrants. Rivalry among existing firm Level of competition among the existing firm is the major determinant of industry profitability. Panera Bread has come out several ways to against the competition among the existing firm. The company provides catering services through its Via Panera Catering and this able to help the company easier to reach the customer compare to their competitor. Besides that, Panera Bread also suggest a new time of day to eat specialty foods which calling the time between lunch and dinner â€Å"chill-out† time and this enable the company has a competitive advantages over its competitor which only selling the usual dining time. Q3) What barriers to entry has Panera Bread created for the potential competitors? How significant are these barriers? Panera Bread has created several barriers to entry for its potential competitor, such as product differentiation, access to distribution channels and first-mover advantages. Panera Bread has differentiated its product by offers a variety of artisan and other specialty bread, along with bagel and pastries and baked food. All the baked food produced by the Panera Bread is made by the national’s bread expert, therefore the taste and quality of the food are being ensured. This creates a barrier to entry for the potential competitor because they need to put in more effort into their product than before in order to compete with Panera Bread. Besides that, restaurant can only be success if the turnover of the area is high. Therefore own a strategic location is important to the company in the restaurant industry. Panera Bread has become one of the largest restaurant chains in the United States. Most of the strategic locations in the country have been taken by Panera Bread and this erecting a significant barrier to the potential competitor to enter to the market. Potential competitor has to think twice before entering into the industry which selling the similarity product with Panera Bread in the area. Furthermore, Panera Bread has a â€Å"first mover advantages† as nontraditional barrier to entry for the new entrant. Panera Bread is the first company to position itself in the fast casual category and this help the company has name recognition in the industry. This made the company able to gain a high market share which will creates difficulty for the potential competitor to steal the market share from Panera Bread. Q4) What are the Panera Bread’s primary sources of the competitive advantage? In your judgment, are these sources of advantage sustainable? Why or why not? Brand strength, location, neighborly atmosphere of the restaurant, specialty bread with distinctive taste and quality are some of the primary sources of the competitive advantage owned by Panera Bread in today market. Panera Bread has strong brand strength over its competitor. The company has done a lot of renovation to the company to reposition their company on the fast casual category. Customer can feel confidence toward the taste of the food and the dining environment solely based on the brand name of the Panera Bread. The expectation from the customer can always be satisfied by the company and this lead to Panera Bread has strong brand name to attract more investor invest to the company. In my opinion, I think Panea Bread is able to sustain this competitive advantage. Panera Bread is the first mover to position their company in the fast casual category and their outstanding performances has been written down into most of the business book and being studies by lot of researchers about the key factor of success of their company. This help the brand name of the company is being recognized by the worldwide and sustain the brand strength in today. Besides that, Panera Bread is holding lot of strategic locations as competitive advantages nowadays. These distribution channels are often hard to crack by the competitor especially in the crowded market such as restaurant industry. Therefore, I think the company is able to sustain this competitive advantage. Panera Bread expanded their restaurant in large in the mid of 1990s. The company may have purchased land and building for their restaurant when it was less expensive than it is today. This give the company a cost advantages over its competitor who wants to enter into the same area with Panera Bread. The company is able to sustain this competitive advantage as long as the price of the land keeps rising in the future. In addition, Panera Bread differentiated its product by offering specialty bread with distinctive taste and quality and made this as one of the primary sources of the competitive advantages. In my opinion, I think Panera Bread is able to sustain this competitive advantage. Baked-food is the core business of Panera Bread and the company is understood the important of the quality of their baked-food provide to their customer. The company is believed will continue to putting more effort into their core product to meet the expectation of the customer. Lastly, neighborly atmosphere of the restaurant provided by the Panera Bread also one of the competitive advantage owned by the company over its competitor. In my opinion, I think the company is unable to sustain this competitive advantage in the coming future. The level of the competition among the existing firm is keep rising recent years. The competitor nowadays will have competitor intelligence gather to study the strength and weakness of their competitor to improve the performances. Competitor may copy the strength of the company and provides same atmosphere feeling to their customer and this caused Panera Bread loses the competitive advantage they used to have over their competitor.

Social Work Domestic Violence

Question: Discuss about the Social Work for Domestic Violence. Answer: Introduction The family is usually associated with shelter a spot where people look for affection, protection, shelter, and defense. Nevertheless, the signs point that it is further a station where hazards exist, and raises some extremely severe forms of brutality committed against females. Violence in the household sphere is performed by men who happen to be or were, in situations of trust, confidence, and authority. Although the influence of physical assault might be more apparent than emotional damage, repeated shaming, and abuses, forced confinement, restrictions on social movement, repeated intimidations of violence and harm, and deprivation of monetary resources are more indirect and stealthy forms of brutality (Krizsn Paantjens, 2016). This essay is structured to address the issue of domestic violence, especially the form perpetrated against women, focusing on New Zealand. A brief about the history of domestic violence in the country is given, concentrating on the women group. Along with that, legislative responses to these crimes, and the part service providers play is discussed. The knowledge and skills of specialists that are put into use are further elaborated. Finally, intervention processes, current issues, a summarization of the arguments and some implications of practice are discussed. Domestic violence in New Zealand Domestic violence exists in about all societies on the globe. The expression can be analyzed on different bases. Brutality against the partner, kids or aged are some regularly found problems. There are different types of strategies that are used by the aggressor against the sufferer. Physical harassment, emotional harassment, psychological harm or denial, economic exploitation, and similar kind of damages are the general sorts of injustices that are experienced by the sufferers. Domestic violence happens when the individual perpetrating it has authority issues. Some that perpetrate such sadistic acts suffered the harassment themselves previously in life. Some believe this is the manner they ought to handle people, as this mode of restraint is all they understand. For people, they believe this is an agreeable way to prove they have concern for them though it's not. There are justifications presented by those that perpetrate such deeds, which are often objectionable. Meanwhile, it is a n issue that remains ignored as several individuals face it without sharing it (Trevillion et al., 2012). Domestic violence is not just an obstacle of the lower income countries. It is quite common in advanced countries too. Domestic violence is the copy of the contemporary pseudo-civilized community. There is no room for brutality in the developed world. However, the amount of incidents that are recorded every year fosters a high alert. Besides, this isn't the whole picture, since; maximum of the events go unrecorded or overlooked in daily life. Domestic violence has driven individuals to wasting their breaths over madness. Many nations overlook domestic violence on females if they do not implement steps to prevent it. There is considerable effort to put in comprehending why people behave with others unjustly. This pattern of harassment has grown too familiar; however, people still have problems in not publicizing it. Sufferers require alternatives to assist them to overlook terror when attempting to escape from dangerous conditions involving harassment. It is a critical trend crawling in our community and must be handled with strong hands (Devries et al., 2013). Historical development Domestic violence is one prevalent, lethal offense that impacts many New Zealanders with severe physical, emotional and financial consequences. Crime and trauma stats reveal how serious an issue of domestic violence happens to be in New Zealand. This kind of violence is a principal reason for pain and loss in women and heads to short-term and long-term wellness issues like psychological disorder and sexual health concerns. New Zealand has a critical rate of relative and sexual partner abuse. A horrifying 80 percent of occurrences go unrecorded hence everything known about domestic violence in the society is just one-dimensional ("Family violence: 525,000 New Zealanders harmed every year - National - NZ Herald News", 2016). Before 1970, police was hesitant to intrude in internal conflict as a result of the general and social beliefs about family relations. There was a requirement for a better system to imprison the culprit and help the sufferer to feel secure. The progression of New Zealand domestic violence rules and the difficulties faced on the way reflect global developments and display large-scale social trends. Before the 1980s, the New Zealand cops embraced a conservative stance in reacting to domestic violence (Buzawa, Buzawa Stark, 2015). Nevertheless, related abroad events, commencing from 1970 the actions of the feminist campaign elevated consciousness about the issue, ultimately pointing to important variations in order. New Zealand was deeply influenced by the announcement of the outcomes of the 1984 Minneapolis Experiment and different pro-arrest drives ensued. The New Zealand Police embraced a more active strategy while handling domestic violence named as the Pro-Arrest rule, in 1987. Un der this policy, sufferers are presented with proper and prompt assistance and culprits are imprisoned without an official report. New Zealand cops enforced this rule, and some the other important reviews and constituents played a significant part in the formulation of this rule. The very latest pro-arrest action, amended from the 1995's Domestic Violence Act has continued till date to be effectual ("Domestic Violence Act 1995 No 86 (as at 01 October 2014), Public Act Contents New Zealand Legislation", 2016). Client characteristics The predominance, cruelty, and pattern of domestic violence, admittance to assistance and ability to exit rocky relations vary within a society, with particular crowds being weaker than the rest. Domestic violence is quite prevailing within particular societies, like in rural New Zealand and certain Indigenous inhabitants (Kuokkanen, 2015). The extremity of assaults also seems to change within socioeconomic, age and social units. Certain women might be more susceptible to becoming sufferers and less competent of leaving violent relations based on specific determinants of age, area, race, Indigenous situation and their speech skills (OBrien et al., 2013). Notwithstanding the presence of law and political operations aiming the decrease of various patterns of violence against females, females in New Zealand suffer massive amounts of domestic and physical abuse. Information on domestic abuse against females in New Zealand is limited. Information is primarily reliant upon recording and logging systems and is doubtful to correctly depict the prevalence of domestic violence towards females in New Zealand. In 2014, the police in New Zealand reported 7163 episodes of male assaults female. In 2013, Family Court imparted more than 2000 Protection Orders by the terms of the 1995 Domestic Violence Act. Ninety percentage of offenders listed in Protection Order forms were men. The National Collective of Independent Womens Refuges got 81,720 emergency alarms, and 2940 females and adolescents reached out to protection services in 2013 ("Violence-Against-Women", 2016). The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study or the Dunedin Study, a continuous group survey of 1037 Dunedin inhabitants born amid 1972-73, discovered that by the age of 21, 27% of women review associates informed they had been bodily harassed by a spouse, and 22% of male review associates stated they had committed violence towards their spouse. Still, in opposition to several other studies, the Dunedin study further discovered higher ratios of domestic violence towards males than towards females; moreover, 34% of male review associates stating physical harassment by a spouse and 37% of women review associates announcing they had committed abuse towards their spouse (Poulton, Moffitt Silva, 2015). Legislative responses The main section of law in New Zealand concerning domestic abuse is the 1995 Domestic Violence Act. Some noticeable changes to this law have happened in recent times. From the middle of 2010, because of the passing of the Domestic Violence Bill in 2009, the New Zealand cops were provided the authority to circulate Police Safety Orders (PSOs) in situations where they believe domestic violence has happened or might happen. Such rules have an instant impact and can continue till five days. The cops do not require the at-risk individual's approval to declare these Police Safety Orders, and the individual who is directed to an application ought to leave the specific location, not reach out to the individual at risk, and abdicate any guns for the duration of the PSO. Whenever the rules are violated, the cops may imprison the individual and produce them before the bar (Koziol-McLain et al., 2015). Following an assessment carried out via the New Zealand Police, the orders were doing well and providing a breather for families and opportunity for care groups to evaluate what is required in the condition. A sum of 5,242 PSOs was published in the initial twelve months of exertion. The very Bill introduced various additional reforms directed at presenting valuable devices in facilitating the reply of the criminal prosecution section to domestic violence (Buchanan, 2013). Service providers Family Violence Prevention Coordinating Committee (FVPCC) was founded in the Family Violence Conference (1985) to study Pro-Arrest acknowledgments deeply. FVPCC, including government firms and society associations and was administered by the Social Welfare Department. The panel proposed an arrangement and alliance between different firms and authorities who are associated with phases of domestic violence, advancement of an interagency program for domestic violence (Pressman, Cameron Rothery, 2013). Efforts were put in to settle complainants in contact with community service firms so they can be presented with continuous assistance and captures were done in situations where an apparent assault was proved without the requirement for a formal charge from the sufferer (Michau et al., 2015). Several victims of domestic violence will not reach out to the cops or any other bureau to lodge an official complaint towards their offensive spouse because of some obstacles like capital, safe housing, well-being, lay-off. Health care suppliers are hence well situated to involve in quick description, assistance, and guidance. Government firms are reliant on information of harassment initiated from external references. A health care specialist has established a schedule that involves suggesting the victim to a professional domestic violence firm, cops, attorney, and minor security services like Child, Youth, and Family, whenever needed ("Family Violence Assessment and Intervention Guideline", 2016). The FVPCC understood that a shift in arrest tactics only would not substantially decrease reoffending, and organized a mediation scheme in 1991, the Hamilton Abuse Intervention Pilot Project (HAIPP) to observe the devices of domestic violence by the 'Power and Authority' model. The purpose of the scheme was to hold the brutality, and this is accomplished by defending, encouraging and familiarizing sufferers and reforming the offender's conduct by responsibility and recovery (Ghandour, Campbell Lloyd, 2015). Specialist knowledge Shakti New Zealand is a non-profit society based group assigned to operate towards womens development and empowerment, along with intervening, preventing and spreading awareness in domestic violence situations across the society. They collaborate with other women support group to provide support and provide intervention in critical situations. The principal locus of AWC is to provide 24-hour crisis service to females, ethnic women and young survivors of domestic brutality and counsel them. Shakti takes the initiative to train women in the community and create awareness among them about gender equity, social rights, prevention programs and refuges they can turn to in case of need (Le Brocque et al., 2014). This training and awareness program is a good initiative on Shaktis behalf, as it provides the victims of domestic violence with an option to learn to defend herself, decide what to do and how to do. Records say that domestic violence support providers and initiative societies have helped empowering the women and making them stand up against the harassments and assaults they are made to face at home or at the hands of their near ones (Walton et al., 2015). All these programs, trainings and service models indicate that providing a victim or a possible one with support, encouragement and resources to stand up against violence and stop it for well and good (Ellis, 2012). While working on cases of violence for the last 20 years, Shakti has understood one thing violence is a way for offenders to feel in control, and it is mostly related to physical control, and is implemented mostly on the weak and defenseless. Shakti has extended its service in most of the Asian, African and Middle East ern countries, and teamed up with regional NGOs to create a strengthening environment for victims in those regions. The New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse database also recognizes Shakti as a tried and tested model for supporting violence victims. This group shows great practice around New Zealand and other regions by advocating for proper legislative actions for victims and establishment of sheltering services. What makes Shakti work, is proper and timely evaluation of the services they are providing, and how much effective they are, and what more is needed to be done if there is any gap (Cattaneo Goodman, 2015). They also regularly coordinate with all the support groups to check with their progressive mitigation activities. For native victims Shakti has built up separate safe houses where they can get proper shelter, therapy, counseling, along with legal, confidential and empowering support. The victims are also provided with trainings and education that can assist them in future. They have separate programs ad advisory groups for women, children and couples. Intervention processes and models The New Zealand Government has committed to provide educating programs to victims of domestic violence. They planned to do so by incorporating Domestic Violence Orders, modified laws, provision of shelters, health benefits, violence assistance, along with modified systems and models to assist the victims after they were assaulted. These intervening processes are crucial, as they are the support system of the victims when they are alone, weak and injured. However, these do not do the actual work of preventing the heinous act, which is most important, as these processes are implemented after the attack happened (Krishnan et al., 2012). Modifications of strategies and assistance procedures are now given importance. The existing processes have been given a new dimension so that they can actually cut off the issue at its root and stop violent incidents from occurring. An audit embraced by the Commonwealth Government's Partnership Against Domestic Violence (PADV) distinguished that the path forward to avoid viciousness against women incorporates working with youngsters to break the intergenerational cycle of brutality; working with casualties and culprits to break the cycle of savagery; and working with groups to instruct against savagery (Dillon et al., 2013). Health care providers make sure the victims are properly attended to, and they make sure all kinds of assistance are provided to them. In case of potential victims interveners try to reach out the source of the violence and remove the risk factors from there and prevent the act from happening. Support groups and community services are formulating projects to dev elop this idea of uprooting the issue, for the last time (Gordon, 2016). Some best practice cases of incorporated or synergistic domestic aggression services that consider the social, communal and geographic dissimilarities and size of their region incorporate The Domestic Abuse Intervention Project (DAIP) from Duluth USA, the Hamilton Abuse Intervention Project (HAIP) from New Zealand, the Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conferences (MARAC), from Cardiff, Wales and from Australia, the Interagency Family Violence Intervention Program (Pahl, 2016). One of the best-known incorporated reaction models is The Domestic Abuse Intervention Project, referred to generally as the Duluth Model. It is psycho-educational program formed to intervene acts of domestic violence. It was formed with an idea to extract a positive outcome, which the socio-political approaches could not, and also to contribute to the shift towards cognitive-behavioral treatments. It facilitates male abusers' projects and women' undertakings in the group and has additionally created awareness ideology, preparing and group advancing activities, all of which are upheld by, and worked in pair with, the criminal equity services (Lorenz, 2013). The Brainwave Trust is additionally another New Zealand case of a fine practice model alongside the Pacific Prevention of Domestic Violence Programme. Assistance providers always do not have access to extreme measures that are sometimes required for severely horrible cases. In such cases their prime focus is on intervening the act as much as possible, or if not, then providing immediate assistance to the victim, along with creating awareness and changing mindsets about the extremity of such acts (Ellsberg et al., 2015). Evaluations of groups and support centres that work for such causes have shown that there is a dire need of long-term solutions. Prompt reactions always do not work. The need of the hour is the eradication of violence from its origin by approaching with a mindset of decreasing extremity levels and bettering the overall statistics of violence in New Zealand. The good work done by Shakti has been recognized world over, and victims have requested the organization to extend their helping hands and assist them to stop this violence. Shaktis Project Women Against Violence built inter-continental relationships with NGOs fr om Asian countries and was involved in intervention programs with them ("Shakti International - Shakti women's refuge", 2016). Current issues As indicated by the New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, an evaluation group at Auckland University, more than 800,000, or 35 percent of New Zealand's populace, have encountered physical or sexual savagery by a close accomplice. Whenever mental or psychological mistreatment is counted, the figure rises, with 55 percent of women reporting viciousness from their life partner or accomplice. Nonetheless, because of the sheer volume of numbers, each day several battered and manhandled women are being directed in the opposite direction of women' shelters across New Zealand. Specialists say that safe houses across the country are confronting financial deficiencies, and state backed aids are feeble. A disturbing figure while considering viciousness against women in New Zealand has achieved pestilence levels. Human rights advocates say the New Zealand government needs to dispense more capital to innovative services including a domestic harassment emergency hotline, womens safe houses, a nd an extensive variety of support assistances that can help casualties revamp their lives (Roberts, Chamberlain, Delfabbro, 2015). New Zealand has generally shown the path in advancing women in government life. It was additionally the primary nation on the planet to give women the privilege to vote and has had two female PMs. In spite of this record and its high positioning in worldwide monetary and personal satisfaction lists, womens rights specialists say domestic aggression is a concealed infection, cursing New Zealand families. Police are leaving numerous domestic aggression occurrences and not regarding them as wrongdoings. 70 percent of the brutality that police manage is personal accomplice viciousness, cops do not have enough preparation to perceive the indications of abusive behavior at home and they do not generally do what is expected to give a lady a chance to recount her side of the story (Richardson, Thom McKenna, 2013). Figures from the New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse (2016) show 95,080 family viciousness examinations were dispatched in 2013 in any case, of those examinations, just 37,8 80 or 40 percent of them were recorded as offenses. Furthermore, the quantity of individuals being charged has dropped to not as much as half of the aggregate number of cases explored. Specialists say that the police are being compelled by political leaders to keep the official counts of recorded domestic abuse cases down to give the feeling that the legislature is tending to the issue. There are 371 police headquarters all through New Zealand and 52 family savagery facilitators (New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2016). These family savagery facilitators audit cases to ensure appropriate police methods are pursued and point casualties to organizations in and outside of the legislature. Notwithstanding, that isn't going on all the time and that organizers are either excessively over-burdened with cases, making it impossible to survey every one of them or don't have enough skill in taking care of aggressive behavior at home cases to carry out their employments (Chappell Curt in, 2013). Many women stay in the asylums for a considerable length of time in light of the fact that as safe house coordinators and women's rights activists say, the Ministry of Social Development and Housing New Zealand, the two administrative organizations that evaluate and relegate lodging for casualties of domestic harassment, are making them hold up too long to get lodging help. New Zealand has around 60 womens havens and each can house 3-5 women a night, some with their youngsters. That is around 200-300 women and kids a night across the country. Nonetheless, with the developing rate of domestic abuse the New Zealand government needs to dispense as much as 10 times the resources and capital to manage the issue. Until the financing is found and the issue organized by the government officials, manhandled women, and their youngsters, will keep on falling through the crevices in New Zealand's police, court, and lodging frameworks (Fergusson, McLeod Horwood, 2013). Conclusion Approaches to manage domestic abuse should be presented by examination from both New Zealand and abroad, showing the ampleness of different techniques. There is an expanding collection of confirmations that show that the extent of approaches can be feasible in keeping away from severity against women or repeat abuse. It is vital, regardless, that in altering programs from abroad or other New Zealander social units, consideration is provided to vital characteristics of the area situation in which activities are to be executed and whether the framework ought to be changed in like way. Taken all in all, the discoveries displayed in this essay propose that there are various particular zones that can be focused to forestall domestic aggression and lessen rehash exploitation. Coordination and cooperation crosswise over parts and over all levels of government and non-government ought to be a basic guideline supporting any method to deal with the avoidance of, and intercession with, domestic abuse. Enhancing coordination between domestic abuse and youngster security aids help with avoiding early experience with domestic harassment in personal relations is required. Techniques must concentrate not just on the avoidance of early introduction to domestic abuse, but additionally manage any related physical and sexual harassment, disregard and psychological mistreatment in an all-encompassing way. A comprehensive approach that coordinates with the impacts of kids' exposure to abusive behavior at home and other abuse will keep the intergenerational transportation of savage me ntalities and practices and/or ensuing exploitation. Expanding the accessibility and attention to administrations for casualties and culprits, upgrading referral instruments and enhancing coordinated effort between assistance suppliers guarantee that the unpredictable needs of all gatherings can be met through an incorporated administration framework. Improving linkages between criminal equity forms, support aids and avoidance projects would likewise offer assistance. It is essential that a more prominent level of backing is offered to women and their youngsters all through the legitimate procedure, and that obstructions counteracting access to equity, especially for helpless women, are overcome. Executing early mediation and training programs focused at youngsters, including school-based projects that mean to shape suitable states of mind towards women and brutality, which has been recognized as the most critical techniques in breaking the cycle of viciousness is a decent procedure. A more noteworthy concentration amount must be used on auxiliary aversion programs that aim families that have been recognized as being at danger of aggressive behavior at home, which requires procedures and danger appraisal devices to distinguish early signs or hazard components for savagery. It is especially essential that there are projects focused towards and custom fitted to the requirements of those women at an expanded danger of domestic abuse or who might be more averse to get to care centers, including Indigenous women, women from CALD foundations, pregnant women, more young women and women living in provincial and remote groups. Methodologies to address the unbalanced rate of cozy accomplice brutality among Indigenous individuals ought to likewise take an all encompassing perspective and expect to address the scope of societal, cultural, unit, family and individual elements found to expand the danger of aggressive behavior at home for Indigenous women. Tending to liquor and other substance use issues among both culprits and casualties of domestic abuse, including through the advancement of associations between treatment aids and violence projects would be successful. Ceaseless endeavors to enhance group dispositions towards viciousness against women and speak about continuing misguided judgments in regards to the continuation, nature and agreeableness of brutality against women are vital alongside expanding the inclusion of men and young men in the improvement of projects intended to avert savagery against women by changing male states of mind and practices. All together for these procedures to be successful, it is essential that lessons from past projects are paid attention to and the execution issues depicted above are tended to. What's more, further top to bottom exploration ought to be attempted into the nature and degree of aggressive behavior at home, especially in powerless groups, and projects ought to be liable to continuo us observing and assessment to figure out what is compelling and in what conditions. References Buchanan, K. (2013). Domestic Violence Laws in Australia and New Zealand | In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress. Blogs.loc.gov. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2013/03/domestic-violence-laws-in-australia-and-new-zealand/ Buzawa, E. S., Buzawa, C. G., Stark, E. D. (2015).Responding to domestic violence: The integration of criminal justice and human services. Sage Publications. Cattaneo, L. B., Goodman, L. A. (2015). What is empowerment anyway? A model for domestic violence practice, research, and evaluation.Psychology of Violence,5(1), 84. Chappell, L., Curtin, J. (2013). Does federalism matter? Evaluating state architecture and family and domestic violence policy in Australia and New Zealand.Publius: The Journal of Federalism,43(1), 24-43. Devries, K. M., Mak, J. Y., Garca-Moreno, C., Petzold, M., Child, J. C., Falder, G., ... Pallitto, C. (2013). The global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women.Science,340(6140), 1527-1528. Dillon, G., Hussain, R., Loxton, D., Rahman, S. (2013). Mental and physical health and intimate partner violence against women: a review of the literature.International journal of family medicine,2013. Domestic Violence Act 1995 No 86 (as at 01 October 2014), Public Act Contents New Zealand Legislation. (2016). Legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved from https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1995/0086/latest/DLM371926.html Ellis, F. (2012). Rehabilitation programme for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse.Journal of Public Mental Health,11(2), 88-92. Ellsberg, M., Arango, D. J., Morton, M., Gennari, F., Kiplesund, S., Contreras, M., Watts, C. (2015). Prevention of violence against women and girls: what does the evidence say?.The Lancet,385(9977), 1555-1566. Family Violence Assessment and Intervention Guideline: Child abuse and intimate partner violence. (2016). Ministry of Health NZ. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/family-violence-assessment-and-intervention-guideline-child-abuse-and-intimate-partner-violence Family violence: 525,000 New Zealanders harmed every year - National - NZ Herald News. (2016). The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1objectid=11634543 Fergusson, D. M., McLeod, G. F., Horwood, L. J. (2013). Childhood sexual abuse and adult developmental outcomes: Findings from a 30-year longitudinal study in New Zealand.Child abuse neglect,37(9), 664-674. Ghandour, R. M., Campbell, J. C., Lloyd, J. (2015). Screening and counseling for intimate partner violence: a vision for the future.Journal of Women's Health,24(1), 57-61. Gordon, J. S. (2016).Helping survivors of domestic violence: The effectiveness of medical, mental health, and community services. Routledge. Koziol-McLain, J., Vandal, A. C., Nada-Raja, S., Wilson, D., Glass, N. E., Eden, K. B., ... Case, J. (2015). A web-based intervention for abused women: the New Zealand isafe randomised controlled trial protocol.BMC public health,15(1), 1. Krishnan, S., Subbiah, K., Khanum, S., Chandra, P. S., Padian, N. S. (2012). An Intergenerational Womens Empowerment Intervention to Mitigate Domestic Violence Results of a Pilot Study in Bengaluru, India.Violence Against Women,18(3), 346-370. Krizsn, A., Paantjens, M. (2016). Domestic violence: whos problem?.à Ã… ½ à Ã… ½ à Ã… ½,117(117), 63-92. Kuokkanen, R. (2015). Gendered Violence and Politics in Indigenous Communities: The Cases of Aboriginal People in Canada and the Sami in Scandinavia.International Feminist Journal of Politics,17(2), 271-288. Le Brocque, R., Kapelle, N., Creagh, S., Meyer, S., Haynes, M., Shaw, E., Crothers, C. (2014). Respectful Relationships Evaluation. Lorenz, J. L. (2013). The Duluth Model in practice: Evaluating police and practitioner response to domestic violence. Michau, L., Horn, J., Bank, A., Dutt, M., Zimmerman, C. (2015). Prevention of violence against women and girls: lessons from practice.The Lancet,385(9978), 1672-1684. New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse. (2016). Nzfvc.org.nz. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://www.nzfvc.org.nz/ OBrien, K. L., Cohen, L., Pooley, J. A., Taylor, M. F. (2013). Lifting the domestic violence cloak of silence: Resilient Australian womens reflected memories of their childhood experiences of witnessing domestic violence.Journal of Family Violence,28(1), 95-108. Pahl, J. (Ed.). (2016).Private violence and public policy: The needs of battered women and the response of the public services. Routledge. Poulton, R., Moffitt, T. E., Silva, P. A. (2015). The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study: overview of the first 40 years, with an eye to the future.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology,50(5), 679-693. Pressman, B., Cameron, G., Rothery, M. (Eds.). (2013).Intervening with assaulted women: Current theory, research, and practice. Routledge. Richardson, E., Thom, K., McKenna, B. (2013). The evolution of problem-solving courts in Australia and New Zealand: A trans-Tasman comparative perspective. InProblem Solving Courts(pp. 185-210). Springer New York. Roberts, D., Chamberlain, P., Delfabbro, P. (2015). Women's experiences of the processes associated with the Family Court of Australia in the context of domestic violence: a thematic analysis.Psychiatry, Psychology and Law,22(4), 599-615. Shakti International - Shakti women's refuge. (2016). Shakti women's refuge. Retrieved 15 October 2016, from https://shakti-international.org/ Trevillion, K., Oram, S., Feder, G., Howard, L. M. (2012). Experiences of domestic violence and mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS one,7(12), e51740. Violence-Against-Women. (2016). nzfvc.org.nz. Retrieved 22 September 2016, from https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/DS2-Violence-Against-Women-2014.pdf Walton PhD, D. P. T., Maria, L., Aerts, D. P. T., Burkhart, D. P. T., Terry, D. P. T. (2015). Intimate Partner Violence Screening and Implications for Health Care Providers.Online Journal of Health Ethics,11(1), 5.

Imagine Waking Up Every Morning And Knowing That You Have Been Infecte

Imagine waking up every morning and knowing that you have been infected with the AIDS virus, and could die in a couple of years. What if their was something you could do to slow the affects of the virus to live a longer life expectancy? Would you inhale a joint of marijuana, even if it was prescribed by a physician? I believe the majority of people would take the chance to live longer, especially if it meant that they could see a new smiling face each day, another pleasant cheer of laughter to be heard, and a bright colorful sunset to be seen. Marijuana is a relatively mild, nonaddictive drug with hallucinogenic properties, obtained from the flowering tops, stems, and leaves of the hemp plant. Resins found on the surface of the female plant are used to prepare the most potent form of marijuana, hashish. The primary active substance is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Marijuana produces a dreamy, euphoric state of altered consciousness, with feelings of detachment and gaiety. The appetite is usually enhanced, while the sex drive may increase of decrease.(******) Though exposed with an increasing number in the 1960s up to todays time period, marijuana usage has been an entertainment bandstand throughout the years, and has taken peoples minds to unseen worlds. With all the talk about how great this fantasy drug is, the majority of people do not realize the history that it has, with the ways it affects us, and the medical uses that it provides for us. Many citizens of this world today acknowledge the thought of marijuana as a negative source, but in contrast is has an extremely positive acceptance when dealing with the medical field. Throughout time many people have obtained the thought that marijuana is an evil drug that destroys people lifestyles, and has been only used by those of what some people call as hippies or stoners. When in fact marijuana has been used for past centuries for medical use. In about 2700 B.C, the Emperor Shen-Nung discovered the plant known as cannabis, where marijuana comes from. The ancient Chinese formed many remedies in the form of a liquid extract to help relieve pain from people suffering from menstrual fatigue, malaria, gout, and constipation. Later on, these Chinese solutions spread to Middle East, Central Asia, Greece, and Rome. In 1621, cannabis was recommended by an English clergyman, named Robert Burton, to treat depression. Coming upon the turn of the 19th century, more than a quarter of a million Americans had been addicted to cannabis related drugs, along with cocaine, heroin, and morphine. In 1914 the Harrison Narcotics Act was initiated among America, which was the beginning of many laws confining drugs. Marijuana had soared new heights in popularity during the 1960s, and users started obtaining its therapeutic advantages. US soldiers took the benefits of this drug, during Vietnam, to relieve the pain of spinal cord injuries and to also reduce muscle spasms. About a decade later, marijuanas pharmaceutical capabilities began to capture the attention of sick patients around America, and many of these citizens were being arrested for possession of marijuana. To get marijuana into the hands critically ill cancer patients, at least 20 states passed laws allowing their health departments to conduct research on cannabis medicinal effectiveness, using marijuana provided by the federal governments Investigational New Drug (IND) program. The IND program allowed experimental drugs to be made available to critically ill patients for compassionate use.(*********) But because of governmental restrictions and laws only six states got the chance to perform these investigation; which included New Mexico, California, New York, Tennessee, Michigan, and Georgia. In spite of the fact that the use of marijuana has been illegal in the United States since 1937, research has continued on medical uses of marijuana up to today. One of the most interesting findings was the effect of marijuana in reducing intracular pressure. As the amount of marijuana increased in dosage the pressure within the eye decreased by up to 30%, whether it occurred in a normal persons as well as in those with glaucoma.(*******) In 1949, two doctors, Davis and Ramsey, performed a study on 5 epileptic children and the effect of THC on these children. Five of these children, all had severe symptomatic grand mal epilepsy with mental

Whats a Bad ACT Score Nationally and By College

What's a Bad ACT Score Nationally and By College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you taken the ACT recently? Do you think you did badly? Or maybe you’re just wondering what the minimum score you need to get into college is. We will explain what a bad ACT score is, both in terms of the national averages and colleges you want to go to. Nationally, What’s a Bad ACT Score? If you look at the ACT percentiles, any composite score below 20 (the 50th percentile) is below average. (For more on how the ACT is scored and how the composite is calculated, see our guide.) In other words, to be above average nationally, you need at least a 21 ACT composite score. Any composite 16 or lower is in the bottom 25%. If you score below 16 or lower on the ACT, your score is definitely in the very low range nationwide. What Do Colleges Think Is a Bad Score? Your percentile rank is important, since it compares you to every other high school student who has taken the ACT. But it’s actually more important to think about what your score means in terms of the colleges you want to attend. After all, you take the ACT to get into college! If you’re above a college’s average ACT score range, even if your score seems low nationally, then your admissions chances aren’t compromised. On the flip side, you could have an ACT score that looks great nationally – say the 90th percentile, a 28 composite – but is far below the ranges of selective colleges like the Ivy Leagues, Stanford, and MIT. So it’s much more important to consider scores in context of your target colleges, rather than just the national percentiles. Let’s explore what a bad ACT score might look like at highly selective, selective, and less selective colleges. What’s a Bad ACT Score for the Most Selective Schools? If you’re aiming for the most selective schools – like Harvard, Stanford, Princeton, Yale, MIT – most scores that aren't considered amazing at the national level will be seen as low. For example, at Stanford, the middle 50% range for the ACT Composite is 31-34, which is between the 97th and 99th percentile nationally. Additionally, since these top tier schools often turn away applicants with scores in range, it’s best to aim for the top 50% of admitted student scores, not just to be within the middle 50% range. In fact, being in the lower end of score ranges can lower your chance of admission by half of the usual admission rate. For example, if the normal admission rate is 10% and you're at the 25th percentile for that college, it can lower your chance of admission to 5% or lower. So you shouldn’t just aim to break a 31 composite if you're set on a top school. Your ACT composite should be 33 or higher – in the 99th percentile nationally – to be very competitive at Stanford or other top colleges. And the closer you can get to 36, the more you will stand out. (Read more abouthow many students get a 36 ACT every year and how their admissions chances are improved.) So to recap, any ACT score below 33 will lower your chances at the most selective schools. And any score below a 30 is decidedly low for top colleges. What’s a Bad ACT Score for Selective Schools? Once you’re out of the top 15, a â€Å"bad† ACT score for a school is anything below their middle 50% ACT range. We say â€Å"bad† not because the score is necessarily bad on a national scale, but because it could lower your chances of admission at certain schools. Let’s look at NYU as an example. It’s a top 50 school, with an ACT middle 50% range between 28 and 32. That means a bad ACT score for NYU would be anything below 28. It’s still possible you would get in, but much less likely. Even though 28 is very strong nationally – it’s in the 90th percentile! – you need to get to that score or higher to be competitive at NYU. But the threshold for â€Å"bad† will vary by school, so definitely look up the ranges of schools you are interested in using our guide below. What’s a Bad ACT Score for My Local State School? When you are applying to large local universities or less-selective colleges (colleges that admit more than half of applicants), the ACT score ranges are often much more forgiving. As an example, let’s take a look at California State Long Beach. Their ACT middle 50% range is between 20 and 25. Fun fact: that giant pyramid is called the Walter Pyramid and is used for athletic events at CSU Long Beach. This score range is between the 50th and 80th percentile nationally. So you could get an average ACT score but still be competitive for admission at CSU Long Beach. In other words, many schools are more forgiving of an average ACT score. If you’re mainly applying to schools in this range, you won’t have to stress quite as much about studying! How To Find a College’s Score Ranges To see what any college’s ACT score ranges are, you just have to do a quick search online. Here at PrepScholar, we’ve compiled the ACT score ranges – as well as GPA averages and overall admissions rate – for colleges and universities nationwide. To find our data page for any school, search â€Å"[Name of College/University] ACT Scores site:prepscholar.com† in any search engine. We should be the first or second result. As an example, this is what a search for Harvard's ACT score ranges would look like. Click on the first link to see Harvard's ACT score ranges, as well as a tool that predicts your admission chances based on your GPA and ACT score. Next Steps Look up the middle 50% ACT ranges of all colleges you are interested in. This will help you get a better understanding of the ACT score you should aim for – and which scores to avoid. If you want, you can fill out the table below as you look up colleges’ ACT middle 50% score ranges. Name of College/ University ACT 25th Percentile ACT 75th Percentile If you haven’t taken the ACT yet or are planning to retake it, set your target score at the upper bound of the middle 50% range of the most competitive school on your list. For example, if NYU is the most competitive school on your list, set your ACT target score at 32. If you make that score, you’ll be competitive wherever you apply! But if you miss it by a bit and get a 30, you’ll likely be well within range for most colleges on your list, and still be competitive at NYU. What’s Next? So you know what a bad ACT score looks like. What's a good score? An amazing one? See our guide here to find out. Read our guide on getting a perfect ACT score by our 36 full scorer. Even if you’re not going for a perfect score, following these principles will help you reach your score goal. Not sure you can study alone? Consider using our online ACT prep program. We take the hard part out of studying by analyzing your weak spots and giving you targetted practice questions. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Organ donation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Organ donation - Research Paper Example The society is divided in two with regard to this issue. On the one hand, there are people who claim that it is a positive practice that brings a considerable number of positive consequences. On the other hand, the opponents of the above mentioned approach point out various personal as well as religious reasons why people should not perform it. In this essay, I will claim that organ donation is a positive phenomenon that saves lives, contributes to the improvement of the society and helps the families in various ways. To begin with, one should focus on the most positive as well as undeniable advantage of the practice in question: it is literally capable of saving lives of the people. Keeping in mind that being alive should be regarded as the most precious gift that a person is able to receive, there is no doubt that if one is capable to giving it, one should not hesitate for a moment. Indeed, not so many actions that are performed by people have such a positive outcome. Another point that should be mentioned with this regard is that a person does not only save one life by donating organ, but up to eight ("Donate Life Month"). In other words, a single person can help many other individuals and grant them a second chance. It is clear that every day all over the country people die; so, if they all donate their organs that every day eight times more people will be saved. This is surely a positive trend for the society in general. The significance of saving lives of citizens in obvious: it does not on ly allow particular families to be with their relatively longer, but it also strengthens the country in general as there will be more people who will work and contribute to prosperity. Moreover, it will reflect the spirit of value of every single life. The next positive aspect about organ donation that should be taken in close consideration is the fact that it contributes to formation of an effective framework within the

A Study in to the Behavioural Aspects of Budgetary Control Process in Dissertation

A Study in to the Behavioural Aspects of Budgetary Control Process in a Manufacturing Organisation - Dissertation Example The paper tells when the individuals and their behaviour have started increasingly affecting the budgetary control process, there are circumstances in which the changing budgetary control and performance expectations affect the employee behaviours. However it so happens that many organisations adopt somewhat a mechanistic approach to the budgetary control process without the requisite consideration of the behavioural aspects of the human beings involved in the whole process. Hopewood argues, â€Å"Ultimately all forms of control must be expressed through the actions of individuals†. It is often forgotten that the goals and objectives of the organisation have to be accomplished with the help and support of the human beings associated with the organisation concerned. Therefore it becomes vitally important that the effect of individual behaviour on budget and the effect of budgets on the individuals’ course of action have to be carefully perceived to attain the objectives of the organisation without much pressure on employees and executives at any level of the organisation. The pressure on individuals that is being exerted by the budgetary process for meeting the performance standards has to be limited in its extent. Otherwise such pressure itself will become detrimental in maximizing the contribution by the individual employees. Similarly the norms and standards of performance should be so fixed that the employees should be able to attain them with more efforts. Any unattainable standards fixed by the budgetary process will lead only to frustration among the employees.

Immigration and Asylum Law Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Immigration and Asylum Law Master - Essay Example As with all statutes, the process of refinement and adjustment is continuous the most recent of which is the Immigration and Asylum (Treatment of Claimants) Act 2004. Claiming as a victim of persecution as a result of fighting for the rights of a tribe belonging to northern Uganda, Frank (rather an odd name for an Ugandan) is now battling for asylum in the United Kingdom. His case, however, is complicated with the fact that he has HIV, entered the United Kingdom thru Belgium and that he has relatives (a sister and a brother) already residing in the UK. According to the 1951 United Nations Convention on Refugees to which the UK is a signatory, an asylum-seeker is someone of any age who has fled his or her home country to find a safe place elsewhere. Anyone with the claim of persecution is entitled to seek an asylum but the contention is that the applicant must be able to demonstrate a well-founded fear of persecution in their country of origin for reasons of political opinion, religion, ethnicity, race/ nationality, or membership of a particular social group and that he is unable to obtain any protection or assistance from their own national autho rities. Since April 2003, a person who does not qualify for refugee status may instead be appeal under Humanitarian Protection grounds. This criterion is a leave to remain granted to a person who would, if removed, face in the country of return a serious risk to life or person arising from a death penalty, unlawful killing, or torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. This is to comply with Article 2 or the right to life and Article 3 or the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights, especially Article 2, the right to life and Article 3, the prohibition on torture and inhuman or degrading treatment and is codified in the 1998 Human Rights Act. The burden of evidence still lies in the asylum seeker unless there is obvious and publicized threat to the person. After the 30th of August 2005 amendment to the Immigration and Asylum act, the permission for people to stay due to Humanitarian Protection grounds have been extended for 5 years instead of the previous 3 years leave. However, during this period the leave is subject to review and if ever it was found that the asylum seeker purposely deceived the Home Office (the agency dedicated to these issues) and that the persecution did not exist, the leave is revoked. Leaves may also be subject to review because the genuine persecution no longer exists. If Frank does not succeed in pursuing asylum due to persecution, he may resort to family reunion reasons especially that he already has siblings in the United Kingdom. However, the statures existing in the UK provides no automatic right to family reunion until a person has refugee status. Only under compelling compassionate circumstances other than refugee status will applications be considered such as the imminent death of a lone parent working in the UK. Only the immediate family ( spouse and dependent children under the age of 18) can apply for entry clearance to join their spouse/parent in the UK once the refugee status has been granted. Certain documents will be needed such as Birth and Marriage certificates. If this unavailable or is deemed questionable, a DNA test could be conducted with the discretion of the

Primary Education In The UK Education Essay

Primary Education In The UK Education Essay Primary Education is an important topic to be discussed and analysed, since it is the basis of our societys formation, being thus decisive for our childrens future. This essay is entitled Primary Education in the U.K. and Spain: a comparison and it focuses on explaining some of the main matters concerning both systems. It is first of all focused on explaining some topics related to primary education in the United Kingdom including two paragraphs. The first one a historical background, proves to be the base of todays structure which may help us clarify todays structure, which the topic of the second paragraph. This is followed by two clone paragraphs applied to Spanish primary education. The last two paragraphs concentrate on the use and importance of ICT in primary education in both systems. The essay is concluded establishing an overall comparison between both systems. According to Denis Haye in his book Primary Education: the Key Concepts, British primary education and its structure find its roots deep in history, in the middle ages. It has been stated by some historians that English education began in AD 597 with the establishment of the cathedral of Canterbury by St Augustine. In the end of the seventeenth century education belonged to the church which promoted Christian knowledge, by creating its own schools. At the same time there were pioneers such as Robert Raikes, Charles Gordon and the welsh Charles of Bala, who believed in a connection between social action and education. The first publicly funded schools appeared in the mid-nineteenth century and aimed to offer Christian education to poor children. From this time on, the control of education starts switching little by little from the church to the state. Furthermore, between 1846 and 1848 in Wales, the Welsh Education Committee and the Cambrian Society both evolving into national schools , were formed. In the nineteenth century it is important to highlight the education act of 1872, since it lead to many advances in primary education, not only affecting the labouring classes as was happening in other parts of the country. The 1944s education act was decisive because from this time on, education was free of charge and relied on voluntary provision. It is known by the introduction of three kinds of schools: grammar schools, modern schools and Technical schools. The year 1988, saw the introduction of the nation curriculum including a selection of subjects such as maths, science English and religious education. From 2010, teaching foreign languages is also a compulsory part of the curriculum. In order to explain the base of todays primary education in the UK, it is necessary to go back to the twentieth century, when there were many important changes in primary education. Among these, stands out the introduction of the national curriculum in English mainstream schools. In this author words, during the twentieth century, it was also thought to be decisive an agreement about the need for a general education for children up to the age of 11, this being followed by a subject-specific teaching up to the age of 16 and a selection of specialist subjects thereafter. Due to the national curriculum, from the beginning of the 21st century most primary schools in the UK currently accept children from 5 to 11 years old. As Denis states, there is also a tiny number of schools designated deemed middle (ages 8 to 12 or 9 to 13) and first when they educate children from 5 to 8 or 9. To explain todays structure it is also important to focus on the types of schools that can currently be found in the UK. As the Department of Education reports, they can be divided into 3 main groups: mainstream state schools, specialist schools, state schools with particular characteristics and independent schools. To the first group belong Community schools, which are often run by a local authority and aim to develop strong links with the local community, providing services  like childcare and adult learning classes. Trust schools as well as Voluntary-controlled and voluntary-aided schools are owed by a charitable foundation, which employs the staff and sets the admissions criteria. Academies, faith schools, city technology colleges, community and foundation special schools, grammar schools and maintained boarding schools can be found in the second group. The third group is formed by Independent schools which have their own admission policies and curriculum. Spanish primary education, as the rest of the developed nations, it finds its roots in the XIX century. Many factors can be identified as those which influenced the rise during this century of specifically educative establishments aiming to reach a growing proportion of the population. The Apparition of the national states is indeed the most notorious factor, since it puts the Old Regime to an end while at the same time instruction is seen as a mean reinforcing its unity. Thus, education is considered to be from this time on, a public affair that has to be organised and controlled by the state which regulates its legal and administrative processes. To understand the current Spanish primary education, it is important to focus on three relevant education laws, well-known for their impact on the system. The commonly referred as the Moyano Law was decreed in 1857 in a context of socio-economic crisis, This law consisted on a legislative initiative carried out by the politician Carlos Moy ano whose main aim was to improve the deplorable condition of education at that time, decreasing thus the analphabetism average in the country. Education was divided in two stages: elementary (6-12 years old) and superior (9-12). Primary education was compulsory until the age of 12 and free of charge for those who could not afford it. According to the web page State Univeristy.com, it also marked the foundation of privet schools in Spain at that time owned by the Catholic Church. Just one year after the 1944s British education act, the 1945s law was decreed in the historical context of post-war and in the ideological context of national Catholicism. Its main objective was to orientate the student in accordance with their aptitudes to the working life. Born in the context of democracy, the 1990s law of education aimed to impart an equal instruction in order to allow pupils to acquire basic cultural elements, to wit: oral expression, reading, writing and arithmetic calculi. It divided education into tree periods: the first stage (from6 to 8 years old), second (8-10) and third (10-12). To explain the structure of todays primary education in Spain, it is important to go back to the year 2006, when the fundamental law of education also known as LOE or Ley Organica de Educacià ³n was decreed. This law established a compulsory education from 6 to 16 year-old children. While in the UK children start their primary education at the age of 5, Spanish children start going to school at the age of 6. Also it is important to mention that most pupils attend pre-schools from 3 to 5 years of age. Most of these nursery schools in most cases belong to the same centre of education. According to the famous online encyclopedia known as Wikipedia, primary education in Spain can be divided into three cycles: the first cycle includes pupils from 6 to 7 years of age, the second 8-9 and the third 10 to 11. Focusing on the Spanish national curriculum, compulsory subjects are: Spanish language and Literature, Art, Mathematics, Physical Education, Natural and social sciences both included in a subject called Conocimiento Del Medio and English or French. Many state schools have an agreement with the British Council making the study of English compulsory from the age of 6. Although in the United Kingdom there a several types of schools, in Spain most of them can be grosso modo divided into three groups: public or state schools, privet schools or semi-privet schools also referred in Spanish as concertado schools. As happens in the UK, state schools are funded by the government and therefore they are free for those living in the country. These cannot be freely selected, as the children are allocated the closest school to their home. According to Maurice Hamlin in his web page practicalspain.com, semi-privet or concertado schools are similar to the Britishs grant maintained schools since they receive subsidies by the government being education thus, provided free of charge. Most of them are run by a religious order e.g. the Salesians of Don Bosco, and pupils usually wear un iforms. Privet and International schools in Spain are becoming more popular. According to the Article Living and Working in Spain they provide a more relaxed environment offering a wider range of subjects and an international approach. Another important aspect to be analysed, is the use of the information and communication technologies in British and Spanish Schools. According to the British Department of Education, information and communication technologies (ICT) in schools can improve the quality of teaching, learning and management in schools and so help raise standards. In order to evaluate the use of ITC in primary schools The Education and Training inspectorate published in 2002 a report in which some of the main strengths of the use of new technologies are highlighted. As this report states, integrating the ICT in the national curriculum supports both teaching and learning. The quality of planning for ICT is proved to be satisfactory or better in 70 % of the schools inspected and in most schools the quality of teaching and pupils experiences are proved to be satisfactory, including a wide range of ICT applications among which stands out the use of word processing. Learning to use Microsoft Words spell check, digital cameras, create an maintain a web page, sending a forwarding e-mails, burning a cd, as well as learning how to control multi-media and database software are indeed but a few other applications in schools. As this study proves, ICT has also a very positive reaction on children by increasing their motivation towards learning in general; as the report states children have high levels of interest and enthusiasm in their work in ICT being motivated by the inclusion of ICT in their lessons. It is a fact that there are an increasing number of schools that are incorporating ICT not only as a subject in the national curriculum but as a way to make the other lessons lighter and more amusing to children. According to an article written by Sophie Borland and published in the newspaper The Daily Mail there are even some schools in the UK who have decided to turn a P.E. lesson into a Wii class in order to motivate and boost their enthusiasm for sport. To do this, Borland says, the newly approved by Department of Health Wifit Plus is used in the class involving a variety of fineness activities. Even though this article received very positive reviews there are some people like the spokesman of the Department of Children, Schools and Families who states there is always a place for innovative exercises if they do not replace traditional ones. Another school in the UK, according to the education editor Graeme Paton, is to include the use of the so-called social network Twitter as pa rt of their curriculum. All children, the author states, will be taught how to use webcams, podcasts as well as blogs. Pupils in this school will be expected develop an understanding of different ways to communicate online. Improving keyboard skills, using websites such as the online dictionary Wikipedia and learning how to employ spell-checkers will also form part of the biggest overhaul of lessons for 20 years. As happens in the United Kingdom, Spanish new generation of children are marked by the information and communication technologies which are gaining each year a greater importance in the education policy. The inclusion of the ICT in Spanish education system finds its roots in the European initiative e-Europe which motivated the creation of the Special committee of study for the Development of the Information Society in Spain (CDSI) by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Some of the conclusion of the CDSI can be applied to education. According to this committee the use of the new technologies should be present in all subjects as part of the national curriculum and in the relationship between teachers and pupils and all the members of the educative community. The presence of ICT in Spanish primary schools can be clearly perceived in the autonomous community Extremadura which is considered to be a pioneer in this field. According to the secretary of ICT in the education polity of the autonomous government of Extremadura Junta de Extremadura, this region started the project of including the information and communication technologies in education in the year 1999, when the Strategic Plan for the development of technology in society was presented and the educational sector was considered to be the main pillar of that development. This moment marks the appearance of ICT in Extremaduran classrooms. What is probably the most outstanding fact is that, this region decided to develop free software equally configurable and adaptable. A new operative system called gnu/LinEx which would offer an enormous variety of applications in order to fulfill the necessities of all kind of users and a great diversity of tools for its use inside the classroom. Furthermore, in the academic year 2002/2003, an initiative was carried out in all Extremaduran high schools which consisted on transforming regular classrooms into technological classrooms by introducing a computer for each two s tudents. Also, todays schools in the region have at least one electronic blackboard, together with a projector, a computer and an interactive pad. The creation of the specific operative system LinEx must be adapted to a didactic and pedagogical extent. This is why a new variation of this operative system has been installed in all the schools of Extremadura. According to the autonomous communitys government LinEx Schools as it is called, offers the pupil an friendly and motivating environment adapted to their intellectual development. Together with LinEx, it is important to highlight the development of the educative platform Rayuela. As if it was a social network, this platform is an advanced system of information that allows a real-time communication between teachers and parents by using the Internet. It also has a database with allows all Extremenian students to have a single Digital Academic Record until they finish high school. Thus, teachers are able to access all the informatio n about the educative course of their pupils (calcifications, assistance and observances) in order to offer them an individualized treatment. To conclude this essay, I must say that as both educational systems belong to a globalised world and concretely to the European Union, they share indeed some similitudes and the two last paragraphs are an example of this statement. Among other minor differences British primary education probably differs from the Spanish one in what in my opinion, is its main strength: the diversity of schools offered which allows parents to have a greater choice. 2.500 words.

myths :: essays research papers

Myths are entertaining stories; they cover the basis from Heroin adventures, tales of heroism, passionate love stories, Monsters, Gods and much more. In their time myths would serve many important functions for the society and culture that believed in them. Myths attempt to explain the unanswerable questions to provide reasons that things are the way they are. Classical myths are terrific entertaining stories, the most common are of the Greek and Romans. For the ancients, they had a religious significance. They explain the creation of the universe, the condition of the natural and social words, the authenticity of Kings or the beginning of religious rituals. Myths had various functions in society, one of them was religious function, and stories that concern themselves with the nature and actions of Gods and the way they relate to the human race. The myth would inform the Romans and the Greeks which Gods they should petition for specific types of help. Some Gods were Goddess Hestia, for the safety of house and family. Athena, for wisdom and courage, Demeter for an abundant harvest and Zeus for Justice and military might. Myths, also explore all aspects of life. Love can be painful as in the night of Echo and Narcissus, both Echo and Narcissus remain solitary tragic figures, cursed with loneliness and tormented by a love they can never have. Myths can serve to justify or validate social standing or political power in the world. The Romans for example used mythology to establish lineage for the rulers. Roman myths showed their line of Kings and later emperors to be descended not only form great heroes, but from the gods themselves. The cosmological function of myths is to help us understand more fully who we are, Questions like who am I? How am I to conduct my self, where am I going? How can I best serve this world? The shaman was the one person that you could go to get answers to things that where unknown. Most of the time he was the old wise man that knew a lot, he was like a teacher to the people, his role was a mediator between people and spirits, they were historians they kept most of the stories and happenings of the community and would pass them on the future generations. Today this person is called a Scientist, they play that same role they give us answers to the unknown and they keep records of it and pass on to future generation and

An Effective Counsellor Essay

Counsellor’s should continually assess their own feelings and needs to maintain an appropriate relationship with the client. There are issues that a counsellor should be aware of when doing a self-assessment; The counsellor should be aware of when they feel uncomfortable with a client or a topic being discussed. The counsellor must choose to either be honest with the discomfort of a situation or topic, or they may refer the client to another counsellor. The counsellor should be aware of their own avoidance strategies. The counsellor must be able to recognize when they avoid certain topics, or allow distractions and then find an effective way to facilitate help appropriately. The counsellor should be able to recognize when they are trying to control a situation. It is important that the counsellor engage in responsive listening so that they’re not controlling the communication process. The counsellor must remind themselves continuously that any issue being discussed has many perspectives and that theirs may be different, from that of the clients. It is important not to express whether the clients view is right or wrong. The counsellor must avoid being omnipotent. It is not the counsellors job to make the client better. It is the counsellor’s job to help facilitate the client in addressing and resolving the issues. It is also important that the counsellor identifies and responds to positive feelings, and that they don’t just focus on negative ones. This provides balance for the client and allows them to amplify positive strengths in their lives. Lastly, the counsellor must keep in mind to never ask a question, or discuss a 1 topic that you would not be able to discuss in a similar situation. These issues should always be addressed when a Counsellor is engaging in a self-assessment. By completing a self-assessment I was able to address my values, skills, attributes and my interests. I identified that while I am not a judgemental person, I do hold values that if not addressed prior to a situation could cause myself to become close-minded and that would ultimately put a barrier up in my ability to help the client. I also was able to identify how I can use my skills and attributes to counsel my clients in a positive manner. I have identified that I try to find a positive in all situations but I don’t ever be-little the seriousness of the topic at hand. With a self-assessment I am able to recognize when and how to communicate appropriately with a client. The individuals I support will be able to discuss issues with me and feel comfortable knowing that I don’t judge or assume things about them. Both my verbal and non-verbal skills will make this evident to the client. As a registered Developmental Service Worker I could be taking on a role as a counsellor where self-assessment is crucial as it is important to be able to identify when or if I am not dealing with a situation or topic appropriately. I will use the skill of self-assessment in any other role whether that be taking on a position as a Personal Support Worker or working in a group home. It is important that I am able to identify my strengths and weaknesses when it comes to helping a client and that I am able to do so in a way that is prudent. It is also important to continually perform a self-assessment as situations change or evolve. A counsellor who understands how they communicate and who has self-awareness is likely to be more effective in helping the client, then those who are not aware of these issues. Counsellors who are able to identify aspects such as if a topic being discussed makes them feel uncomfortable, if the topic goes against their own values or beliefs, if it is causing different emotions in themselves and why that may be, if they are projecting these feelings and whether or not they are really listening to the 2 client. Continual self-awareness is crucial to the development of the counsellor and their ability to help the client.

Reading the Secret Signs The Art of Finding Symbols

Reading the Secret Signs The Art of Finding Symbols Introduction: On Liberty, Fraternity, and Equality Though in the modern world, all people are considered free and possessing equal rights, it has not always been this way. The road to the existing society where people enjoy equal rights and freedoms has been long and exhausting. Although there is a considerable gap between the Ancient Greece and the XIX-century world, the problem of liberty, not only physical, but also moral, intertwines these two epochs. That is why there is so much in common between Antigone, Sophocles’s drama, and Doll’s House, the creation of Henrik Ibsen.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reading the Secret Signs: The Art of Finding Symbols specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To some extent, it must be admitted, each of the books suggests the ideas of feminism – in their embryo, of course, yet there can be no doubt that Doll House is one of the books that were the first heralds o f the feminist epoch coming on. However, it must be admitted that the feminist ideas are shifted into the background of watch story, whereas in the center the demand for recognizing human rights is placed. Indeed, it would be rather unreasonable to interpret the play only as an anthem for feminist movement. In comparison to this story, Antigone, the drama by Sophocles, offers another idea of liberty, yet it aims at the same effect – the recognition of people’s rights, namely, the right to be self-sufficient and do the things that one considers right. However, despite the common ideas, each author chooses his own symbols to convey these ideas to the public. Comparing the methods of the Ancient Greek philosopher and the XIX-century playwright, one can see the distinct difference between the methods that the two utilize, and at the same time trace the similarities between their approaches. Burying Secrets: Antigone. Behind the Shadow of Death The rich symbolism of the Gr eek tragedy offers a plethora of food for speculations. One of the most thought-provoking creations, the drama by Sophocles is saturated with metaphors, using the symbols that leave the most vivid and memorable impressions. Considering the drama, one can notice instantly that the key symbol of Antigone is the death itself. Interpreted in a number of ways, this name makes the essence of the afterlife, the mysterious Hereafter – the world of the dead. The world of the dead in Sophocles’s drama is considered as the place where one can be completely free – in constant to the life on earth, where each of the mere mortals is bound by the restrictions cats either by the gender issues, or by the political ideas, or any other ideas that prevent people to live their full life. Calling this place in a number of ways, Sophocles still leaves the basic idea of the mysterious afterlife interwoven into the drama. Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Travelling down the land of the dead, Antigone claims: â€Å"Who did the deed the underworld knows well: A friend in word is never friend of mine† (Sophocles 53) Thus, exposing the underworld as the place where people obtain their freedom and where nothing can be concealed from the watchful eye of Hades, Sophocles raises the topic of freedom on earth. Another peculiar recurrent symbol in the drama is birds – a large variety of birds that the reader can spot on the book pages. Describing the ease of their flight, Sophocles makes the reader compare these free creatures to people and realize how despicable the freedom of the humankind is. Living in a Dollhouse: Ibsen and His Protest Depicting the same idea of obtaining the needed liberty, Ibsen uses quite different means. Let along the striking difference of the lead characters in the two stories, the determined and decisive Antigon e and the cowardice, chicken-hearted Nora, the books differ in the symbols they use. Considering the symbolic means that were at Ibsen’s disposal, one can claim with certainty that Ibsen created a masterpiece of refinement and sad sarcasm. If there is anything that can symbolize the lack of responsibility, self-sufficiency and liberty better than Nora herself, that is the Christmas tree used to decorate the Doll’s, that is, Nora’s, house. Indeed, the beautiful and at the same time helpless, completely useless attribute of the holiday, the tree is much like the hostess of the house – just as weak and dependent on the support: †The Christmas Tree is in the corner by the piano, stripped of its ornaments and with burnt-down candle-ends on its disheveled branches. Nora’s cloak and hat lying on the sofa† (Ibsen 39). Such quick is the transition from the tree to Nora’s clothes – and, in fact, Nora herself – that the par allels drawn between the hostess and the article of the house decoration that it becomes obvious: Nora has never been a human being in its full sense – she has always led the life of complete dependence.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reading the Secret Signs: The Art of Finding Symbols specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it would be erroneous to think that the symbols in Antigone and Doll’s House have nothing in common – at certain point they coincide, depicting the same things. A good example of such coincidence is the symbol of death that is also present in Doll’s House. However, in this drama, a black cross (Ibsen 48) serves as a symbol of passing away. The last, but not the least is the name of the play – Doll’s House as a symbol of the state of dependence that Nora used to be in and that she escaped from so painfully. Though she is filled with the intense grief, Nora is still willing to get rid of the humiliating environment that she has been living in for so long. Thus, freeing herself, she comes close to the character of Sophocles drama, Antigone. Conclusion: The Jailbreak Despite the time gap between the two dramas, there is the common idea that intertwines them, making each story closer to the other. However, each of the authors reaches the highest level of expressivity with different means. Resorting to the use of symbolism in their stories, the two writers create a range of metaphors that serve as the clues for the reader to follow. Triggering a number of associations and creating the vision of the epoch, these tiny details reveal what used to be hidden under the cover of the storyline. It cannot be doubted that the symbols used by the writers are strikingly different, yet each of the metaphor used serves the same purpose, namely, emphasizing women’s dependence. It is quite remarkable that, despite the years passed since the times of Sophocles, the problem remains topical. Perhaps, even with Ibsen’s attempts to free those that lack liberty in their own life, the issue still needs solution. No matter how hard it might be to admit it, this is the hard truth the humankind has to live with – or fight it until every single person can feel freed. Ibsen, Henric. A Doll’s House: Unabridged. Clayton, DE: Prestwick House, Inc., 2005. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sophocles. Antigone. New York City, NY: ReadHowYouWant, 2008. Print.